寫初中自己的總結(jié)(通用3篇)
寫初中自己的總結(jié) 篇1
對于我們學(xué)生來說,世界上有三樣?xùn)|西要等好久才能來:生日、寒假、暑假。同時有三樣?xùn)|西隨時都會到來:月考、期中考試、期末考試。
對待考試,我想各位都很有經(jīng)驗,因為已經(jīng)是家常便飯了嘛,但是為什么“失敗是成功之母”這句話總是不會在某些同學(xué)身上靈驗,一次次的考試失敗之后還是失敗。我想這跟考后對待考試的態(tài)度有很大的關(guān)系。
有的同學(xué)考前對試題卷是“可欲而不可求”,考時則是對試題卷“奉若真神”,生怕漏了一道題,但是考后則是把它無情的拋棄,這時,他們的眼中只有分?jǐn)?shù)了。時下不是流行可持續(xù)發(fā)展嗎?那么為什么有那么多的同學(xué)沒有把眼光放在以后。其實分?jǐn)?shù)只不過是對你這階段努力的一個評價,考完后不是盯著它,難道盯著它就能把66分變成99分嗎?關(guān)鍵還是要弄清丟失分?jǐn)?shù)的原因、不清楚的知識以及這一階段的不足,我們的目標(biāo)不是這一次次的小考,而是將來的中考、高考,當(dāng)然了,也只有在這一次次小考之后及時總結(jié)并矯正,才能在未來的中考、高考中看見輝煌。
考完后總結(jié)固然重要,但是更要找到新的起點,有的同學(xué)一次考試失敗了就一蹶不振,我想這樣做是沒有必要的,哭完后,發(fā)泄完就靜下心來重新找到自己的起點,“下雨后不一定有彩虹,但是至少會萬里晴空”,用一個好心情,用一種平常心去投入下一輪的學(xué)習(xí),也許努力不必定會有收獲,但不努力必定不會有收獲。
當(dāng)然了,找到起點后決不能停在起點不動,而要前進、奮斗。有的同學(xué)考完后很有動力,列了一大堆復(fù)習(xí)打算,下了一大堆決心,但是幾天過后就又像以前一樣了,所以請大家要用毅力堅持學(xué)習(xí)下來,如果一直像以前,不做出改變的話,下次考試怕又要名落孫山,正如0,你不在前面畫一個1時,0還是0,所以請大家能找到起點并揚長補短,努力學(xué)習(xí)。
學(xué)習(xí)正如吃飯,而考試失敗則是飯中的一粒石子,你總不能在人生中對知識最渴求時,因為一次的失敗而不學(xué)習(xí),正如你不會因為飯中有一粒石子而餓著不吃飯吧,所以繼續(xù)努力,愿你們的付出會有收獲。
寫初中自己的總結(jié) 篇2
動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語: every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。
The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。
I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標(biāo)志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now
2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth"到……時間了該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。
It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事
Id rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:
一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去) 注意: 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything elseI wondered if you could help me.
2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike
used to/be used to
1
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk.(過去常常散步)
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)
典型例題
---- Your phone number againI ___ quite catch it.
---- Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 答案A.
一般將來時
1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。
will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening
2)be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow
b. 計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3)be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4)be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意:be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
be going to/will 用于條件句時, be going to表將來
will表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)
Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排)
一般現(xiàn)在時表將來
1)下列動詞:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus starIt stars in ten minutes.
2)倒裝句,表示動作正在進行,如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3)在時間或條件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來
意為:"意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
Im leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week
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現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成: have (has) +過去分詞。
比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
1)過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響。
2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
舉例:
I saw this film yesterday.(強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。)
I have seen this film.(強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)
Why did you get up so early (強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。)
Who hasnt handed in his paper(強調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White
---Hes already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time…. that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.
This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.
這是我看過的最好的電影。
This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all
---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. cameD. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時,故選B。
3
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before
---No, its the first time I ___ here.
A. even, comeB. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,從句要用完成時。
注意:非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 (錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I havent received his letter for almost a month.
比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意:并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)
小竅門:當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間,這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化,很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動詞在完成時中的誤使。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1920
2) since +一段時間+ ago I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +從句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié) 果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。 (表結(jié)果)
Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2)用于till / until從句的差異
延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"
He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You dont need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B.
2.---Im sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be答案A.
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過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|-----------|-----------|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時以前那時現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應(yīng)用過去進行時。
注意:had no … when還沒等…… 就……h(huán)ad no sooner… than剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
用一般過去時代替完成時
1)兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。 When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3)敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
將來完成時
1) 構(gòu)成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動作或一獲得的經(jīng)驗。 They will have been married for 20 years by then.
寫初中自己的總結(jié) 篇3
快樂的寒假又來到了,可這次寒假和往常不一樣,因為秘密花園的秘密任務(wù)也悄然而至。寒假的尾聲,我就向大家匯報一下五項秘密任務(wù)的完成情況。
一、種花
在緊張的期末考試后的一天,我接到任務(wù)后無比得振奮,小心翼翼地把花種帶回家,拿出了精心準(zhǔn)備的花盆,因花盆底部有一個洞,為了不讓水分過量的流失,我先放了塊小石頭進去,再在盆底埋點營養(yǎng)土,再蓋上生土,播下花種,快要大功告成了,我用手舀起一點水,輕輕撒在上面,等待發(fā)芽。起先,我是每天趴在那兒看,一天又一天,十天到了,種子寶寶好像還要在泥土中睡一會,一點沒有起來的意思。我還將灌木枯葉放進去,能當(dāng)肥料用,還每隔一天澆三分之一碗的水,盡管沒有發(fā)芽,但是還有一絲期望。
二、喂鳥
《蛇鳥大戰(zhàn)》雖然這短短半小時的視頻,卻給了我人生心靈上的一個沖擊!那只鳥媽媽為了幫孩子復(fù)仇,不惜自己的生命和蟒蛇搏斗,最后以堅強的毅力把蛇頭啄爛,這偉大而又無私的母愛,讓我和家人們深受感動,原來動物也會動情。于是,我立即跑到樓下,挑了一棵上有鳥窩,下有螞蟻窩的中心樹撒了一把米,等幾日后,發(fā)現(xiàn)米沒了,我但愿這是螞蟻的冬糧和鳥兒的大餐。
三、經(jīng)商
接到任務(wù)后,我很苦惱,兩塊錢能買到什么呢?我跑到媽媽的辦公室,聽說有人要印泥,我向媽媽借了3元,飛奔下去,一路到了文化用品店,買了盒5元的印泥,回到辦公室,我用零售價8元賣了出去,再還給媽媽3元,哈哈,盈利了3元。
四、打工
春節(jié)期間,不僅短信、紅包、拜年聚多,電話費也是積成山,你們肯定猜到,我去交話費了,我一人小心地跑到電信營業(yè)廳,與柜臺阿姨交流,交完后,拿到了兩元薪金。
五、回報
我去零食店用打工賺到了1元錢買了兩顆糖,一顆給爸爸,一顆給媽媽,幸福的味道在嘴里彌漫開來,他們都感受幸福。
六、建議
我建議陳老師在暑(寒)假帶領(lǐng)我們做一些實驗活動,做一些科學(xué)活動(安全的)。