英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作基本要領(lǐng)、寫(xiě)作技巧
she returned to her office.there was a note under the door. it was from mr may.he said he was waiting for her in the coffee room.and he bad not found her sister.hewas sorry to have missed her.
這段話(huà)用了一連串的短句,讀起來(lái)單調(diào)呆板,平淡無(wú)味。為使文字更加生動(dòng),意思更加明確可改為:
when she returned to her office,the found a note from mr may under the door.he said he was waiting for her in the coffee room and hadnt found her sister yet.headded that he was sorry to have missed her.
修改后三個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)短不一,讀起來(lái)就給人以不同的感覺(jué)。
又如《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》第一冊(cè)第十課 going home,當(dāng)汽車(chē)駛至 brunsnick,車(chē)上的年輕人看見(jiàn)黃手帕?xí)r,出現(xiàn)了以下這兩行文字:
then,suddenly,all of the young people were up out of thelr seats,screamlng andshouting and cryin, doing small dances of joy.all except vlngo.這兩句話(huà)一長(zhǎng)(23個(gè)詞)一短(3個(gè)詞),彼此襯托互為凸現(xiàn)。第一句的兩個(gè)and和四個(gè)-ing詞,把熱鬧、喧嘩的氣氛喧染極至,長(zhǎng)句之后,蜂回路轉(zhuǎn),一個(gè)僅三個(gè)詞的短句撲入讀者的雙目幾乎沸騰的場(chǎng)面頓時(shí)凝固但其余音未絕,此時(shí)外表雖冷漠,內(nèi)心卻炙熱難當(dāng)。
2、句子開(kāi)頭的多樣化
“主-謂-賓”、“主-系-表”是英語(yǔ)的基本句型,主語(yǔ)領(lǐng)先句也是用得最多的句型。寫(xiě)作中為避免形式單一,當(dāng)句子可以用主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭,同時(shí)又可以其它結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭時(shí),不妨變換一下。如:
(1)defeated in the minor exchanges,i now play my queen of trumps.(分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭)
(2)there are two ways in which one can own a book.( there be句型開(kāi)頭)
(3)equally important is a good habit of reading(表語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭)
以上各句都可以用主語(yǔ)開(kāi)句,但在篇章中通過(guò)改變句子開(kāi)頭,文章就會(huì)疏落有致,語(yǔ)言形式豐富多采。
3、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化
寫(xiě)作中可以通過(guò)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的變化來(lái)增添文采,強(qiáng)化表現(xiàn)力。如:
(l) the love of the liberty is the love of the others;the love of power ls thelove of ourselves.
(平行結(jié)構(gòu).這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)整齊、緊湊;句子生動(dòng)、鮮明,語(yǔ)義貫通、語(yǔ)勢(shì)強(qiáng)勁有力。)
(2)the days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation are gone.(這樣表達(dá)文字通順,但語(yǔ)意不很突出。)
改為:gone are the days when we suffered fron oppression andexploitation.
(采用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)后,充分體現(xiàn)出受剝削受壓迫的人民解放后揚(yáng)眉吐氣的心情。)
三、觀點(diǎn)切題結(jié)構(gòu)合理
這是寫(xiě)作中最重要的要求之一它要求寫(xiě)作開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山直入主題。如寫(xiě)一篇談“健康重要性”的文章,提示是1、健康的重要性;2、保持健康的方法;3、我的看法。按要求文章應(yīng)按三個(gè)自然段來(lái)寫(xiě),而每段開(kāi)頭都必須是提示的內(nèi)容,因此,三段可以這么開(kāi)頭: