中考記敘文寫作技巧

　　what a moving and unforgettable scene!

　　5. 敘述與對話

　　引用故事情節中主要人物的對話是記敘文提高表現力的一種好方法。適當地用直接引語代替間接的主觀敘述，可以客觀生動地反映人物的性格、品質和心理狀態，使記敘生動、有趣，使文章內容更加充實、具體。試比較下面兩段的敘述效果：

　　i was in the kitchen, and i was cooking something. suddenly i heard a loud noise from the front. i thought maybe someone was knocking the door. i asked who it was but i heard no reply. after a while i saw my cat running across the parlor. i realized it was the cat. i felt released.

　　這本來應是一段故事性很強的文字，但經作者這么一寫，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是敘述模式，沒有人物語言，把“懸念”給沖淡了。可作如下調整：

　　i was in the kitchen cooking something. "crash!" a loud noise came from the front. thinking someone was knocking at the door, i asked, "who?" no reply. after a while, i saw my cat running across the parlor. "it's you." i said, quite released.

　　二、寫好記敘文的基本要領

　　1. 頭緒分明，脈絡清楚

　　寫好記敘文，首先要頭緒分明，脈絡清楚，明確文章要求寫什么。要對所寫的事件或人物進行分析，弄清事件發生、發展一直到結束的整個過程，然后再收集選取素材。這些素材都應該跟上述五個“ w ”和一個“ h ”有關。盡管不是每篇記敘文里都必須包括這些“ w ”和“ h ”，但動筆之前，圍繞五個“ w ”和“ h ”進行構思是必不可少的。

　　2. 突出中心，詳略得當

　　在文章的框架確定后，對支持故事的素材的選取是很關鍵的。選材要注意取舍，應該從表現文章主題的需要出發，分清主次，定好詳略。要突出重點，詳寫細述那些能表現文章主題的重要情節，略寫粗述那么非關鍵的次要情節。面面俱到反而使情節羅列化，使人不得要領。這一點是寫好記敘文要解決的一個基本問題，也需要一定的技巧。如：

　　one night a man came to our house and told me, "there is a family with eight children. they have not eaten for days." i took some food with me and went.

　　when i finally came to that family, i saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破壞外貌) by hunger. there was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.

　　i gave the rice to the mother. she divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. when she came back, i asked her, "where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "to my neighbors — they are hungry also!"

　　3. 用活語言，準確生動

　　記敘文要用具體的事件和生動的語言對人、事、物加以敘述。一篇好的記敘文的語言既要準確、生動，又要表現力強，這樣才能把人、事描寫得具體生動，其可讀性才強。試比較下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。